Since the signatures need be secure only against random failure, not against an intelligent adversary, they are much easier to implement than true digital signatures. However, digital signatures, as used here, are a metaphor. It was my work on digital signatures (see ) that led me to think in that direction. My contribution to the work in this paper was the solution using digital signatures, which is based on the algorithm in. The 4-processor solution presented in this paper and the general impossibility result were obtained by Shostak Pease invented the 3n+1-processor solution. (I don’t know if that was earlier than or concurrent with its discovery at SRI.) However, the people at SRI had a much simpler and more elegant statement of the problem than was present in. I had already discovered the problem of Byzantine faults and written.
The problem was formulated by people working on SIFT (see ) before I arrived at SRI. I am often unfairly credited with inventing the Byzantine agreement problem. I think it also contains the first precise statement of the consensus problem. This paper introduced the problem of handling Byzantine faults. However, if digital signatures are used, 2n+1 processors are enough. ) In general, 3n+1 processors are needed to tolerate n faults.
This paper shows that “Byzantine” faults, in which a faulty processor sends inconsistent information to the other processors, can defeat any traditional three-processor algorithm. Before this paper, it was generally assumed that a three-processor system could tolerate one faulty processor. Hardcover with dustjacket, first printing as stated on copyright page, the former owners' names are present on the first blank end-paper, mild tanning to the blank end-papers also which includes two tape-shadows, the red tweed binding is clean, tight and attractive and the contents are fine, the jacket has been unnecessarily tape-reinforced on the reverse side causing tan tape-shadows on the up-side of the rear panel and flaps, the photo of the author on the rear panel is unaffected by this, the jacket also has some mild edge-wear, the front panel and spine are quite presentable, the original price (2.75) is present and a professional (removable) mylar cover is included, scarce first printing of this "fast paced adventure-mystery of the sea for older boys about the always popular Tod Moran and his old friend, the Tattooed Captain".
Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company.
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